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spasm

(Encyclopedia)spasm, involuntary rigid muscle contraction, often persistent and often accompanied by pain. It usually has some underlying physical cause such as disease, strain, or injury to the muscle or nearby ti...

Wüthrich, Kurt

(Encyclopedia)Wüthrich, Kurt, 1938–, Swiss chemist, Ph.D. Univ. of Basel, 1964. Wüthrich has been on the faculty at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology since 1969 and at the Scripps Research Institute, La...

Berthelot, Pierre Eugène Marcelin

(Encyclopedia)Berthelot, Pierre Eugène Marcelin pyĕr ûzhĕnˈ märsəlăNˈ bĕrtəlōˈ [key], 1827–1907, French chemist. He was professor at the École Supérieure de Pharmacie (1859) and at the Collège de ...

Bosch, Carl

(Encyclopedia)Bosch, Carl, 1874–1940, German chemist and engineer, Ph.D. Univ. of Leipzig, 1898. In 1899, Bosch began working as a chemist for BASF, which merged with six other German chemical firms to become I. ...

nobelium

(Encyclopedia)nobelium nōbēˈlēəm [key], artificially produced radioactive chemical element; symbol No; at. no. 102; mass no. of most stable isotope 259; m.p. 827℃; b.p. and density unknown; valence +2, +3. I...

meitnerium

(Encyclopedia)meitnerium mītnĭrˈēəm [key], artificially produced radioactive chemical element; symbol Mt; at. no. 109; mass number of most stable isotope 276; m.p., b.p., sp. gr., and valence unknown. Situated...

meristem

(Encyclopedia)meristem mĕrˈistĕmˌ [key], a specialized section of plant tissue characterized by cell division and growth. Much of the mature plant's growth is provided by meristems. Apical meristems found at th...

darmstadtium

(Encyclopedia)darmstadtium, artificially produced radioactive chemical element; symbol Ds; at. no. 110; mass number of most stable isotope 281; m.p., b.p., sp. gr., and valence unknown. Situated in Group 10 of the ...

United States Naval Observatory

(Encyclopedia)United States Naval Observatory, a federal astronomical observatory, located in Washington, D. C. It evolved from the Navy's oldest scientific institution, the Depot of Charts and Instruments, founded...

Carol II

(Encyclopedia)Carol II, 1893–1953, king of Romania, son of King Ferdinand and Queen Marie. While crown prince, he contracted a morganatic marriage with Zizi Labrino but divorced her to marry (1921) Princess Helen...