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Artigas, José Gervasio

(Encyclopedia)Artigas, José Gervasio hōsāˈ hārväˈsyō ärtēˈgäs [key], 1764–1850, national hero of Uruguay, first leader in the movement toward independence. He came from the cattle-raising region Banda...

Medina, José Toribio

(Encyclopedia)Medina, José Toribio hōsāˈ tōrēˈbyō māᵺēˈnä [key], 1852–1930, Chilean scholar. He traveled widely in Latin America, Europe, and the United States, collecting documents relevant to Lati...

Arce, Manuel José

(Encyclopedia)Arce, Manuel José mämwĕlˈ hōsāˈ ärˈsā [key], d. 1847, Central American statesman, first president of the Central American Federation, 1825–29. Prominent in the revolution against Spain (18...

Mariátegui, José Carlos

(Encyclopedia)Mariátegui, José Carlos hōsāˈ kärˈlōs märēäˈtāgē [key], 1895–1930, Peruvian writer and political leader. Of a poor family, he was a tubercular from childhood but rose to prominence as ...

Martínez Ruiz, José

(Encyclopedia)Martínez Ruiz, José hōsāˈ märtēˈnĕth ro͞oēthˈ [key], 1873?–1967, Spanish writer. He often used the pseudonym Azorín. A political radical in the 1890s, he moved steadily to the right. In...

Lemus, José María

(Encyclopedia)Lemus, José María hōsāˈ märēˈä lāˈmo͝os [key], 1911–93, president of El Salvador (1956–60). An army lieutenant colonel, he served as minister of interior (1949–55). As president, he ...

Aranguren, José Luis

(Encyclopedia)Aranguren, José Luis (José Luis López-Aranguren Jimenez) hōsāˈ lo͞oēsˈ ärängo͞oˈrān [key], 1909–96, Spanish philosopher, essayist, and literary critic, b. Ávila. A professor of ethics...

Palafox, José de

(Encyclopedia)Palafox, José de hōsāˈ ᵺā päläfôkhˈ [key], 1776?–1847, Spanish general in the Peninsular War, celebrated for his heroic defense of Zaragoza. Elected captain general of Aragón in 1808, he...

Pando, José Manuel

(Encyclopedia)Pando, José Manuel hōsāˈ mänwĕlˈ pänˈdō [key], 1848?–1917, Bolivian statesman, president of Bolivia (1899–1904). He earned military fame in the War of the Pacific, and in 1898 he joined ...

Rivera, José Eustasio

(Encyclopedia)Rivera, José Eustasio rēvāˈrä [key], 1889–1928, Colombian novelist. Rivera served on the commission to fix the Venezuelan boundary deep in the rain forest of the Amazon basin. The jungle becam...