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du Vigneaud, Vincent

(Encyclopedia)du Vigneaud, Vincent dyo͞o vēnˈyō [key], 1901–78, American biochemist, b. Chicago. He was professor of biochemistry and head of the department at George Washington Univ. school of medicine (1932...

echinacea

(Encyclopedia)echinacea ĕkˌənāˈshēə [key], popular herbal remedy, or botanical, believed to benefit the immune system. It is used especially to alleviate common colds and the flu. Several controlled studies ...

Dale, Sir Henry Hallett

(Encyclopedia)Dale, Sir Henry Hallett, 1875–1968, English scientist. For his study of acetylcholine as agent in the chemical transmission of nerve impulses he shared with Otto Loewi the 1936 Nobel Prize in Physio...

expert system

(Encyclopedia)expert system, a computer system or program that uses artificial intelligence techniques to solve problems that ordinarily require a knowledgeable human. The method used to construct such systems, kno...

Hamilton, Alice

(Encyclopedia)Hamilton, Alice, 1869–1970, American toxicologist, physician, and educator, b. New York City, M.D. Univ. of Michigan, 1893; she continued her studies in Germany. A pioneer in industrial diseases and...

Harden, Sir Arthur

(Encyclopedia)Harden, Sir Arthur, 1865–1940, British biochemist, Ph.D. Univ. of Erlangen, 1888. Harden was a lecturer at the Univ. of Manchester (1888–1897) before becoming a researcher (1897–1930) at the Bri...

Mello, Craig Cameron

(Encyclopedia)Mello, Craig Cameron, 1960–, American geneticist, b. New Haven, Conn., Ph.D. Harvard, 1990. Mello has been on the faculty at the Univ. of Massachusetts since 1994. In 2006 Mello and Andrew Fire were...

Aristaeus

(Encyclopedia)Aristaeus ărĭstēˈəs [key], in Greek mythology, son of Apollo and Cyrene, especially honored as the inventor of beekeeping. Aristaeus tried to violate Eurydice, wife of Orpheus. Eurydice was fatal...

Warburg, Otto Heinrich

(Encyclopedia)Warburg, Otto Heinrich ŏtˈō hīnˈrĭkh värˈbo͝orkh [key], 1883–1970, German physiologist. He was director (1931–53) of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute (now Max Planck Institute) for cell physi...

Brown, Michael Stuart

(Encyclopedia)Brown, Michael Stuart, 1941–, American molecular geneticist, b. New York City, M.D. Univ. of Pennsylvania, 1966. He worked (1968–71) as a researcher at the National Institutes of Health before goi...