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graphene

(Encyclopedia)graphene, virtually transparent, highly conductive carbon material in which the atoms are organized into a honeycomblike arrangement and form a thin sheet that is one atom thick. Andre Geim and Konsta...

Anderson, Philip Warren

(Encyclopedia)Anderson, Philip Warren, 1923–2020, American physicist, b. Indianapolis, Ind., Ph.D. Harvard, 1949. After graduation he worked at Bell Laboratories until 1984. From 1967 he also was on the faculty a...

Goodman, Nelson

(Encyclopedia)Goodman, Nelson (Henry Nelson Goodman), 1906–98, American philosopher, b. Somerville, Mass., grad. Harvard (Ph.D. 1941). He taught at Tufts (1945–46), the Univ. of Pennsylvania (1946–64), and Br...

Gentile, Giovanni

(Encyclopedia)Gentile, Giovanni jōvänˈnē jāntēˈlā [key], 1875–1944, Italian philosopher and educator. He taught philosophy in several Italian universities and for many years contributed to the magazine of...

Geological Survey, United States

(Encyclopedia)Geological Survey, United States, bureau organized in 1879 under the Dept. of the Interior to unify and centralize the work already undertaken by separate surveys under Clarence King, F. V. Hayden, Ge...

flint, mineral

(Encyclopedia)flint, variety of quartz that commonly occurs in rounded nodules and whose crystal structure is not visible to the naked eye. Flint is dark gray, smoky brown, or black in color; pale gray flint is cal...

Mulisch, Harry

(Encyclopedia)Mulisch, Harry mo͞oˈlĭsh [key], 1927–2010, Dutch writer. In the 1960s Mulisch became a prominent member of Amsterdam's new left. He was extremely prolific, writing fiction, nonfiction, and poetry...

Nagel, Ernest

(Encyclopedia)Nagel, Ernest, 1901–85, American philosopher, b. Nové Město (now in the Czech Republic), grad. College of the City of New York, 1923, and Columbia (Ph.D., 1930). His family emigrated to the United...

ophthalmoscope

(Encyclopedia)ophthalmoscope ŏfthălˈməskōpˌ [key], instrument used for examining the inner structure of the eye. The device was invented by the German physiologist H. L. F. von Helmholtz in 1851. His model co...

pathology

(Encyclopedia)pathology, study of the cause of disease and the modifications in cellular function and changes in cellular structure produced in any cell, organ, or part of the body by disease. The changes in tissue...