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Snowden, Edward Joseph

(Encyclopedia)Snowden, Edward Joseph, 1983–, American computer systems administrator and antigovernment activist, b. Elizabeth City, N.C. Snowden worked for the Central Intelligence Agency from 2007 and then (200...

Ben Ali, Zine el-Abidine

(Encyclopedia)Ben Ali, Zine el-Abidine zēˈnĕl abĭdēn bĕn älēˈ [key], 1936–2019, president of Tunisia (1987–2011). Educated in France and the United States, he entered the army and became ambassador to ...

Bouterse, Désiré Delano

(Encyclopedia)Bouterse, Désiré Delano, 1945–, Surinamese military and political leader, president of Suriname (2010–20). He received military training in the Netherlands and was stationed at a German military...

Commonwealth of Independent States

(Encyclopedia)Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), community of independent nations established by a treaty signed at Minsk, Belarus, on Dec. 8, 1991, by the heads of state of Russia, Belarus, and Ukraine. Bet...

Mills, Charles Wade

(Encyclopedia)Mills, Charles W., 1951–2021, philosopher and political theorist, b. London, Ph.D. University of Toronto, 1985. Born in the U.K. and raised in Jamaica...

Ottawa, University of

(Encyclopedia)Ottawa, University of, at Ottawa, Ont., Canada; bilingual; provincially supported; founded 1848 as the College of Bytown. It became the Univ. of Ottawa in 1866. It has faculties of arts, administratio...

Carleton University

(Encyclopedia)Carleton University, at Ottawa, Ont., Canada; nonsectarian; coeducational; founded 1942 as Carleton College. It achieved university status in 1957. It has faculties of arts, social sciences, science, ...

Mount Allison University

(Encyclopedia)Mount Allison University, at Sackville, N.B., Canada; nonsectarian; founded 1839; opened 1843 as Mount Allison Wesleyan Academy; Mount Allison College organized 1862. It achieved university status in ...

Laurentian University

(Encyclopedia)Laurentian University, main campus at Sudbury, Ont., Canada; bilingual, coeducational; founded 1960. Among its faculties are those in astronomy, commerce, computer science, education, engineering, law...

Manitoba, University of

(Encyclopedia)Manitoba, University of, at Winnipeg, Man., Canada; provincially supported, coeducational; chartered 1877. It has faculties of arts and sciences, graduate studies, law, medicine, dentistry, pharmacy, ...