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Chrysler Building

(Encyclopedia)Chrysler Building, in midtown Manhattan, New York City, at Lexington Ave. between 42d and 43d St. The ultimate art deco-style skyscraper, it was commissioned by Walter P. Chrysler, designed by William...

Pepper, Beverly

(Encyclopedia)Pepper, Beverly, American sculptor, b. Brooklyn, N.Y. She lived in Italy from the 1950s. Pepper began as a social realist painter but soon turned to sculpture, inspired by the carvings at Angkor Wat (...

Bethlehem, city, United States

(Encyclopedia)Bethlehem, city (2020 pop. 75,781), Northampton and Lehigh counties, E Pa., on the Lehigh R. near Allentown and Easton; inc. as a city 1917. Local manuf...

Deere, John

(Encyclopedia)Deere, John, 1804–86, American industrialist, manufacturer of agricultural implements, b. Rutland, Vt. He was one of the pioneers of the steel plow industry. A blacksmith by trade, he established (1...

fatigue, in engineering

(Encyclopedia)fatigue, in engineering, microscopic cracking of materials, especially metals, after repeated applications of stress. Fissures may be formed within pieces of metal during their manufacture when, while...

hardening

(Encyclopedia)hardening, in metallurgy, treatment of metals to increase their resistance to penetration. A metal is harder when it has small grains, which result when the metal is cooled rapidly. Sometimes small ar...

Great Leap Forward

(Encyclopedia)Great Leap Forward, 1957–60, Chinese economic plan aimed at revitalizing all sectors of the economy. Initiated by Mao Zedong, the plan emphasized decentralized, labor-intensive industrialization, ty...

gunmetal

(Encyclopedia)gunmetal, a bronze, an alloy of copper, tin, and a small amount of zinc. Although originally used extensively for making guns (from which it received its name), it has been superseded by steel, and it...

Chelyabinsk

(Encyclopedia)Chelyabinsk chĭlyäˈbĭnsk [key], city (1989 pop. 1,142,000), capital of Chelyabinsk region, W Siberian Russia, in the southern foothills of the Urals and on the Mias River. It also lies on the Tran...

Tata

(Encyclopedia)Tata täˈtä [key], Parsi family of Indian industrialists, centered at Mumbai. The Tata enterprises, which encompass vast holdings in iron and steel, motor vehicles, power utilities, financial servic...