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Shaoguan

(Encyclopedia)Shaoguan kükˈgôngˈ [key], city (1994 est. pop. 403,900), N Guangdong prov., SE China, on the Bei (North) River and the Guangzhou-Wuhan RR. It is a trade center with coal and tungsten mining, a lea...

Clarksville

(Encyclopedia)Clarksville, city (2020 pop. 166,722), seat of Montgomery co., NW Tenn., on the Cumberland and Red rivers, in a farm, livestock, and tobacco region; pla...

die-casting

(Encyclopedia)die-casting, process by which molten metal is forced by a plunger or compressed air into a metallic die and the pressure maintained until the metal has solidified. Die castings are accurate, are sharp...

Hengyang

(Encyclopedia)Hengyang hŭng-yäng [key], city (1994 est. pop. 543,100), central Hunan prov., China, on the Xiang River, at the mouth of the Lei River. It is the leading transportation center of Hunan, linking wate...

corrosion

(Encyclopedia)corrosion, atmospheric oxidation of metals (see oxidation and reduction). By far the most important form of corrosion is the rusting of iron. Rusting is essentially a process of oxidation in which iro...

Marggraf, Andreas Sigismund

(Encyclopedia)Marggraf, Andreas Sigismund ändrāˈäs zēˈgĭsmo͝ont märkˈgräfˌ [key], 1709–82, German chemist, a pioneer in analytical chemistry. He proved that alumina, magnesia, and lime are distinct ea...

Shymkent

(Encyclopedia)Shymkent chĭmkyĕntˈ [key], city (1993 est. pop. 404,000), S Kazakhstan, on the Turkistan-Siberia RR. It has large zinc and lead smelters and machine, chemical, and food-processing industries. Found...

Beja

(Encyclopedia)Beja bāˈzhə [key], town, S Portugal, capital of Beja dist. and Baixo Alentejo. It is an im...

Katowice

(Encyclopedia)Katowice kätôvēˈtsĕ [key], Ger. Kattowitz, city (1993 est. pop. 366,200), capital of Śląskie prov., S Poland. One of the chief mining and industrial centers of Poland, it has industries produci...

valence, in chemistry

(Encyclopedia)valence, combining capacity of an atom expressed as the number of single bonds the atom can form or the number of electrons an element gives up or accepts when reacting to form a compound. Atoms are c...