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number

(Encyclopedia) number, entity describing the magnitude or position of a mathematical object or extensions of these concepts. A real or complex number z is called algebraic if it is the root of a…

field, in algebra

(Encyclopedia) field, in algebra, set of elements (usually numbers) that may be combined under the operations of addition and multiplication so that it constitutes an additive group, the nonzero…

Serengeti National Park

(Encyclopedia) Serengeti National Park, c.5,700 sq mi (14,800 sq km), NE Tanzania, est. 1941. The internationally famous park attracts large numbers of tourists to see the world's largest…

exclusion principle

(Encyclopedia) exclusion principle, physical principle enunciated by Wolfgang Pauli in 1925 stating that no two electrons in an atom can occupy the same energy state simultaneously. The energy states…

median

(Encyclopedia) median. 1 In statistics, a type of average. In a group of numbers as many numbers of the group are larger than the median as are smaller. In the group 4, 5, 6, 9, 13, 14, 19, the…

Bombelli, Rafael

(Encyclopedia) Bombelli, Rafael, 1526–1572, Italian mathematician and engineer, b. Bologna. When a marsh reclamation project (c.1550–1560) in the Tuscan Appenines on which he was an engineer was…

commutative law

(Encyclopedia) commutative law, in mathematics, law holding that for a given binary operation (combining two quantities) the order of the quantities is arbitrary; e.g., in addition, the numbers 2 and…

index number

(Encyclopedia) index number, in econometrics, a figure reflecting a change in value or quantity as compared with a standard or base. The base usually equals 100 and the index number is usually…