(Encyclopedia) Fouché, JosephFouché, Josephzhôzĕfˈ f&oomacr;shāˈ [key], b. 1759 or 1763, d. 1820, French revolutionary and minister of police. A teacher in the schools of the Oratorian order, he…
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From small acts of defiance to mass marches and meetings, the civil rights movement fought for positive change and won. The movement was formed by people in the 1950s and 60s who would…
(Encyclopedia) Mar, John Erskine, 6th (or 11th) earl of, 1675–1732, Scottish nobleman, leader of the Jacobites. He was nicknamed “Bobbing John,” probably because of his political vacillation. He…
(Encyclopedia) Fleet Prison, former jail in London, England. Rebuilt after it was destroyed in the Peasants' Revolt of 1381, again after the great fire of 1666, and once more after the Gordon riots…
(Encyclopedia) Santokhi, Chandrikapersad, 1959–, Surinamese political leader. Trained as a police officer in the Netherlands, he worked for the Suriname police force as an inspector, becoming chief…
(Encyclopedia) Duterte, Rodrigo RoaDuterte, Rodrigo Roarōdrēˈgō rōˈä d&oomacr;târˈtā [key], 1945–, Philippine lawyer and political leader. He joined the prosecutor's office in Davao, Mindanao, in…
(Encyclopedia) New York Times Company v. Sullivan, case decided in 1964 by the U.S. Supreme Court. In 1960, the Times ran a fundraising advertisement signed by civil-rights leaders that criticized,…
(Encyclopedia) Mace, chemical spray device used by police in riot control. Mace is ordinary tear gas (chloroacetophenone, or CN) in a volatile solvent contained in a spray can. It causes severe…
(Encyclopedia) Dillinger, JohnDillinger, Johndĭlˈĭnjər [key], 1902–34, American bank robber, probably b. Indianapolis. Paroled after serving a prison term for attempted robbery, Dillinger organized a…
(Encyclopedia) public defender, governmental official who represents indigent persons accused of crime. U.S. Supreme Court decisions expanding the right to counsel to pretrial proceedings and holding…
