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Colquhoun, Patrick

(Encyclopedia) Colquhoun, PatrickColquhoun, Patrickkōh&oomacr;nˈ [key], 1745–1820, British economist and statistician, b. Scotland. Active in civic affairs in Glasgow (where he founded the…

Miranda v. Arizona

(Encyclopedia) Miranda v. Arizona, U.S. Supreme Court case (1966) in the area of due process of law (see Fourteenth Amendment). The decision reversed an Arizona court's conviction of Ernesto Miranda…

The Supreme Court: Getting Searched on a Bus

Getting Searched on a BusThe Supreme CourtCollecting EvidenceSearching Your Car When You're Stopped for SpeedingUsing the Right Not to KnockFinding Marijuana with Thermal-Imaging…

J.D. Tippit

J.D. Tippit was the Dallas police officer who was shot and killed by Lee Harvey Oswald less than an hour after the death of President John F. Kennedy on November 22, 1963. J.D. Tippit was raised in…

Black Panthers

(Encyclopedia) Black Panthers, U.S. African-American militant party, founded (1966) in Oakland, Calif., by Huey P. Newton and Bobby Seale. Originally aimed at armed self-defense against the local…

Mapp v. Ohio

(Encyclopedia) Mapp v. Ohio, case decided in 1961 by the U.S. Supreme Court. Dollree Mapp was convicted in a state court of possessing pornographic material in violation of Ohio law. Her conviction…

The Supreme Court: Confessing Illegally

Confessing IllegallyThe Supreme CourtArresting RulesLimiting Forced MedicationConfessing Illegally Tossing out a confession at trial can frequently result in the loss of a conviction, so…

Freddie Gray

Name at birth: Freddie Carlos Gray, Jr.Freddie Gray was 25 years old when Baltimore police arrested him, handcuffed him and injured his spine, putting him in a coma until he died six days later.…

Cheka

(Encyclopedia) Cheka: see secret police.