Romania

Facts & Figures

Map of Romania
  • President: Klaus Johannis (2014)

    Prime Minister: Dacian Ciolos (2015)

    Land area: 88,934 sq mi (230,339 sq km); total area: 91,699 sq mi (237,500 sq km)

    Population (2014 est.): 21,729,871 (growth rate: –0.29%); birth rate: 9.27/1000; infant mortality rate: 10.16/1000; life expectancy: 74.69; density per sq mi: 218.6

    Capital and largest city (2011 est.): Bucharest, 1.937 million

    Other large cities: Cluj-Napoca, 324,576; Timisoara, 319,279; Iasi, 290,422; Constanta, 283,872; Craiova, 269,506, Brasov, 253,200; Galati, 249,342

    Monetary unit: lei

    Current government officials

    Languages: Romanian 85.4% (official), Hungarian 6.3%, Romany (Gypsy) 1.2%, other 1%, unspecified 6.1% (2011 est.)

    Ethnicity/race: Romanian 83.4%, Hungarian 6.1%, Roma (Gyspy) 3.1%, Ukrainian 0.3%, German 0.2%, other 0.7%, unspecified 6.1% (2011 est.)

    Religions: Eastern Orthodox (including all sub-denominations) 81.9%, Protestant (various denominations including Reformate and Pentecostal) 6.4%, Roman Catholic 4.3%, other (mostly Muslim) 0.9%, unspecified 6.3%, none 0.2% (2011 est.)

    Literacy rate: 97.7% (2011 est.)

    Economic summary: GDP/PPP (2013 est.): $288.5 billion; per capita $14,400. Real growth rate: 3.5%. Inflation: 3.2%. Unemployment: 7.3%. Arable land: 37.73%. Agriculture: wheat, corn, barley, sugar beets, sunflower seed, potatoes, grapes; eggs, sheep. Labor force: 9.451 million (2013 est.); agriculture 29%, industry 28.6%, services 42.4% (2012). Industries: electric machinery and equipment, textiles and footwear, light machinery, auto assembly, mining, timber, construction materials, metallurgy, chemicals, food processing, petroleum refining. Natural resources: petroleum (reserves declining), timber, natural gas, coal, iron ore, salt, arable land, hydropower. Exports: $65.84 billion (2013 est.): machinery and equipment, metals and metal products, textiles and footwear, chemicals, agricultural products, minerals and fuels. Imports: $73.42 billion f.o.b. (2013 est.): machinery and equipment, chemicals, fuels and minerals, metals, textile and products, agricultural products. Major trading partners: Italy, Germany, France, Turkey, Poland, Hungary, Russia, Austria, Kazakhstan (2012).

    Communications: Telephones: main lines in use: 4.68 million (2012); mobile cellular: 22.7 million (2012). Radio broadcast stations: 698 (frequency type NA) (2006). Radios: 7.2 million (1997). Television broadcast stations: 623 (plus 200 repeaters)(2006). Televisions: 5.25 million (1997). Internet Service Providers (ISPs): 2.667 million (2012). Internet users: 7.787 million (2009).

    Transportation: Railways: total: 10,777 km (4,020 km electrified) (2012). Highways: total: 84,185 km; paved: 49,873 km (including 337 km of expressways); unpaved: 11,232 km (2012). Waterways: 1,731 km (2010). Ports and harbors: Constanta, Midia, Braila, Galati (Galatz), Mancanului (Giurgiu), Tulcea (Danube River). Airports: 45 (2013).

    International disputes: The ICJ ruled largely in favor of Romania in its dispute submitted in 2004 over Ukrainian-administered Zmiyinyy/Serpilor (Snake) Island and Black Sea maritime boundary delimitation; Romania opposes Ukraine's reopening of a navigation canal from the Danube border through Ukraine to the Black Sea.

    Major sources and definitions

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