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calumet, peace pipe

(Encyclopedia) calumet [Fr.,=reed], name given by the French to the peace pipe used by the indigenous people of North America for smoking tobacco; it consisted of a long, feathered stem, with or…

Ridgway, Matthew Bunker

(Encyclopedia) Ridgway, Matthew Bunker, 1895–1993, U.S. general, b. Fort Monroe, Va. A West Point graduate, in World War II he was made (1942) assistant division commander and then commander of the…

Berlin, city, Germany

(Encyclopedia) Berlin Berlin bûrˌlĭnˈ, Ger. bĕrlēnˈ [key], city (2021 est. pop. 3,567,…

Tokugawa Ieyasu

founder of the Edo (Tokyo) shogunate Born: 1603Birthplace: present-day Nagoya, Japan The eldest son of Matsudaria Hirotada, Tokugawa Ieyasu was born in 1542 in what is now Aichi prefecture.…

Indira Gandhi

(Indira Priyadarshini Gandhi)politicianBorn: 11/19/1917Birthplace: Allahabad, India Following her parents' example — they had joined the Indian independence movement after a visit from Mohandas…

Volcanic Eruptions

A volcanic eruption occurs when molten rock, ash and steam pour through a vent in the earth's crust. Volcanoes are described as active (in eruption), dormant (not…

Hamid Karzai

President of Afghanistan Born: 1957Birthplace: Kandahar, Afghanistan Karzai was elected president in Afghanistan's first popular elections on Oct. 9. He had been leading an interim Afghan…

The Supreme Court: Deciding Property Rights

Deciding Property RightsThe Supreme CourtDeciding Property RightsProtecting Land and HomeSaving WetlandsProtecting Patents, Copyrights and TrademarksTrademark for Sex Shop Your home is your…

Women in Media

  Oprah Winfrey Biographies ofNotable Women Actresses Adventurers Artists Athletes Businesswomen Comediennes Congresswomen Educators and Scholars Fashion Designers and…