(Encyclopedia) Swabian League, association of Swabian cities and other powers in SW Germany for the protection of trade and for regional peace. The Swabian League of 1488–1534 is the best known of…
(Encyclopedia) Tancred, 1076–1112, Crusader. He became a Crusader in 1096 with his uncle Bohemond I. After distinguishing himself at Nicaea, he struck out into Cilicia and besieged Tarsus, but was…
(Encyclopedia) Calixtus II,&sp;Callixtus II, or Callistus II, d. 1124, pope (1119–24), named Guy of Burgundy, successor of Gelasius II. The son of count William I of Burgundy, he was archbishop…
(Encyclopedia) Beyazid IBeyazid Ibāyäzĭdˈ [key], 1347–1403, Ottoman sultan (1389–1402), son and successor of Murad I. He besieged Byzantine Emperor Manuel II at Constantinople, then overcame the…
(Encyclopedia) Hapsburg or HabsburgHapsburgboth: hăpsˈbûrg, Ger. häpsˈb&oobreve;rk [key], ruling house of Austria (1282–1918).
In the 19th cent. the Hapsburg position was challenged in…
(Encyclopedia) SarnathSarnathsärnätˈ [key], archaeological site, SE Uttar Pradesh, India, 4 mi (6.4 km) N of Varanasi (Benares). It is the site of the deer park (mrigadawa) where, according to…
(Encyclopedia) Giesebrecht, Wilhelm vonGiesebrecht, Wilhelm vonvĭlˈhĕlm fən gēˈzəbrĕkht [key], 1814–89, German historian. A gifted student of Ranke, he later taught at the Univ. of Königsberg. His…
(Encyclopedia) Alexius II (Alexius Comnenus), 1168–83, Byzantine emperor (1180–83), son and successor of Manuel I. His mother, Mary of Antioch, who was regent for him, alienated the population by…
(Encyclopedia) Gregorovius, FerdinandGregorovius, Ferdinandgrĕgərōˈvēəs, Ger. fĕrˈdēnänt grāˌgōrōˈvē&oobreve;s [key], 1821–91, German historian. He spent many years in Rome, where he produced his…
