(Encyclopedia) hermandadhermandadārmändäᵺˈ [key] [Span.,=brotherhood], a peacekeeping association of armed individuals, a characteristic of municipal life in medieval Spain, especially in Castile.…
(Encyclopedia) Magellanic CloudsMagellanic Cloudsmăjˌəlănˈĭk [key], two dwarf galaxies located in the far southern sky and visible to the unaided eye; they are classified as irregular because they…
(Encyclopedia) Dutch West India Company, trading and colonizing company, chartered by the States-General of the Dutch republic in 1621 and organized in 1623. Through its agency New Netherland was…
(Encyclopedia) MarieMariemərēˈ [key], 1875–1938, queen of Romania, consort of Ferdinand. The daughter of Alfred, duke of Edinburgh and of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, she was the granddaughter of Czar…
(Encyclopedia) Alfonso VII (Alfonso the Emperor), 1104–57, Spanish king of Castile and León (1126–57), son and successor of Urraca. He recovered the places in Castile that his stepfather, Alfonso I…
(Encyclopedia)
HOLY ROMAN EMPERORS(including dates of reign)
Saxon dynasty
Otto I, 936–73
Otto II, 973–83
Otto III, 983–1002
Henry II, 1002–24
Salian or Franconian dynasty
Conrad II,…
(Encyclopedia) CastileCastilekăstēlˈ [key], Span. CastillaCastilekästēˈlyä [key], historic region and former kingdom, central and N Spain, traditionally divided into Old Castile and New Castile, and…
(Encyclopedia) Louis I, 1838–89, king of Portugal (1861–89), son of Maria II and Ferdinand II. He succeeded to the throne on the death of his brother Peter V. His reign was marked by much political…
(Encyclopedia) Iturrigaray, José deIturrigaray, José dehōsāˈ ᵺā ēt&oomacr;ˈrēgäräˈē [key], 1742–1815, Spanish colonial administrator, viceroy of New Spain (1803–8). During his rule, all of…
