(Encyclopedia) JenaJenayāˈnä [key], city (1994 pop. 100,090), Thuringia, E central Germany, on the Saale River. Manufactures of this industrial center include pharmaceuticals, glass, optical and…
(Encyclopedia) Menger, CarlMenger, Carlkärl mĕngˈər [key], 1840–1921, Austrian economist, a founder of the Austrian school of economics. He was professor of economics at the Univ. of Vienna from 1873…
(Encyclopedia) Three Emperors' League, informal alliance among Austria-Hungary, Germany, and Russia, announced officially in 1872 on the occasion of the meeting of emperors Francis Joseph, William I…
(Encyclopedia) Welsbach mantle or Welsbach burner [for C. A. von Welsbach], cylindrical framework of gauze impregnated with oxides of thorium and cerium. When heated in a gas flame, it produces a…
(Encyclopedia) Sturm und DrangSturm und Drangsht&oobreve;rm &oobreve;nt dräng [key] or Storm and Stress, movement in German literature that flourished from c.1770 to c.1784. It takes its name…
(Encyclopedia) Dumba, Konstantin TheodorDumba, Konstantin Theodorkônstäntēnˈ tāˈōdôr d&oobreve;mˈbä [key], 1856–1947, Austro-Hungarian diplomat. As ambassador (1913–15) to the United States, he…
(Encyclopedia) Pfeffer, WilhelmPfeffer, Wilhelmvĭlˈhĕlm pfĕˈfər [key], 1845–1920, German plant physiologist. He was professor of botany successively at the universities of Bonn, Basel, Tübingen, and…
(Encyclopedia) Carstens, Asmus JacobCarstens, Asmus Jacobäsˈm&oobreve;s yäˈkôp kärˈstəns [key], 1754–98, German historical painter and engraver, b. Schleswig. He studied in Copenhagen and in…
(Encyclopedia) serial music, the body of compositions whose fundamental syntactical reference is a particular ordering (called series or row) of the twelve pitch classes—C, C#, D, D#, E, F, F#, G, G…
