(Encyclopedia) meistersingermeistersingermīˈstərsĭngˌər, Ger. mīˈshtərzĭngˌər [key] [Ger.,=mastersinger], a member of one of the musical and poetic guilds that flourished in German cities during the…
(Encyclopedia) Marie Louise, 1791–1847, empress of the French (1810–15) as consort of Napoleon I and duchess of Parma, Piacenza, and Guastalla (1816–47), daughter of Holy Roman Emperor Francis II (…
(Encyclopedia) Marne, battle of the, two important battles of World War I that are named for the Marne River. In the first battle (Sept. 6–9, 1914) the German advance on Paris was halted at the Marne…
(Encyclopedia) Marschner, Heinrich AugustMarschner, Heinrich Augusthīnˈrĭkh ouˈg&oobreve;st märshˈnər [key], 1795–1861, German opera composer. Marschner's first opera, Heinrich IV und d'Aubigné,…
(Encyclopedia) Auerbach, BertholdAuerbach, Bertholdbĕrtˈhōlt ouˈərbäkhˌ [key], 1812–82, German novelist. He fought in the Revolution of 1848 and in the Franco-Prussian War. As a result of his…
(Encyclopedia) Anzengruber, LudwigAnzengruber, Ludwigl&oobreve;tˈvĭkh änˈtsəngr&oomacr;ˌbər [key], 1839–89, Austrian writer. An actor and a clerk in the imperial police, Anzengruber had…
(Encyclopedia) Jooss, KurtJooss, Kurtk&oobreve;rt yōs [key], 1901–79, German dancer, producer, and choreographer. Jooss was a student of Rudolf von Laban and was influenced by Émile Jacques-…
(Encyclopedia) Jansons, Mariss, 1943–2019, Latvian-Russian conductor. He studied under von Karajan at Salzburg, and later conducted (1979–2000) the Oslo Philharmonic, raising it to international…
(Encyclopedia) Eckener, Hugo, 1868–1954, German airship designer and pilot, Ph.D. Univ. of Leipzig, 1892. As a journalist he covered early flights of Zeppelin's first rigid airships. He joined (1908…
(Encyclopedia) Dessau, PaulDessau, Pauldĕsˈou [key], 1894–1979, German conductor and composer. As a conductor he worked (1919–23) in Cologne before moving to Berlin from 1925 until 1933. A fervent…
