(Encyclopedia) Marschner, Heinrich AugustMarschner, Heinrich Augusthīnˈrĭkh ouˈg&oobreve;st märshˈnər [key], 1795–1861, German opera composer. Marschner's first opera, Heinrich IV und d'Aubigné,…
(Encyclopedia) Pfitzner, HansPfitzner, Hanshäns pfĭtsˈnər [key], 1869–1949, German conductor and composer, b. Moscow. Pfitzner studied music at Hoch's Conservatory in Frankfurt/ Main. His music,…
(Encyclopedia) Taylor, Alan John Percivale, 1906–90, English historian, primarily interested in diplomatic and Central European history. Educated at Oxford, he became a fellow of Magdalen College in…
(Encyclopedia) Wigman, Mary, 1886–1973, German dancer, choreographer, and teacher. After studying with Rudolf von Laban, Wigman performed in Germany and opened her own school in Dresden (1920). She…
(Encyclopedia) Vattel, Emerich deVattel, Emerich deāˈmərĭkh də vätĕlˈ [key], 1714–67, Swiss philosopher and jurist. He served (1746–58) as Saxon minister at Bern and later in the cabinet of Augustus…
(Encyclopedia) Sachs, HansSachs, Hanshäns zäks [key], 1494–1576, German poet, leading meistersinger of the Nuremberg school. A shoemaker and guild master, he wrote more than 4,000 master songs in…
(Encyclopedia) PulkovoPulkovop&oomacr;lˈkəvə [key], astronomical observatory, S of St. Petersburg, NW Russia. Pulkovo was built (1834–39) under a commission headed by F. G. W. von Struve. In 1839…
(Encyclopedia) Broch, HermannBroch, Hermannhĕrˈmän brôkh [key], 1886–1951, Austrian novelist. Broch is one of the masters of European modernism. Influenced by Immanuel Kant and Ludwig Wittgenstein,…
(Encyclopedia) Seipel, IgnazSeipel, Ignazĭgˈnäts zīˈpəl [key], 1876–1932, Austrian chancellor (1922–24, 1926–29). A Roman Catholic priest, he was elected to the Austrian parliament in 1919 and became…
(Encyclopedia) Semper, GottfriedSemper, Gottfriedgôtˈfrēt zĕmˈpər [key], 1803–79, German architect. Semper was among the most influential architects of the 19th cent. In his book Der Stil in den…
