(Encyclopedia) C.I.A.M. (Congrès internationaux d'architecture moderne). Founded in 1928 by Hélène de Mandrot, Sigfried Giedion, and Le Corbusier, C.I.A.M. sought to divert architecture from academic…
(Encyclopedia) Coburn, Alvin LangdonCoburn, Alvin Langdonkōˈbûrn [key], 1882–1936, American photographer, b. Boston. Coburn began making photographs at eight and was one of the younger members of…
(Encyclopedia) ÜsküdarÜsküdarüsküˈdär [key] or ScutariÜsküdarsk&oomacr;ˈtərē [key], urban district, part of İstanbul, Turkey, on the Asian side of the Bosporus. It is a commercial and industrial…
(Encyclopedia) PlanoPlanoplāˈnō [key], city (1990 pop. 128,713), Collin co., N Tex., less than 20 mi (32 km) NE of Dallas; inc. 1873. In a farm and livestock area on the blackland prairie, Plano is a…
(Encyclopedia) Wägner, ElinWägner, Elināˈlĭn vĕgˈnĕr [key], 1882–1949, Swedish novelist. Wägner was a leading feminist of her day. In early works such as Pennskaftet [the penholder] (1910), she deals…
(Encyclopedia) Wellington, city (1996 pop. 157,647; urban agglomeration 334,051), capital of New Zealand, extreme S North Island, on Port Nicholson, an inlet of Cook Strait. Socially and economically…
(Encyclopedia) black humor, in literature, drama, and film, grotesque or morbid humor used to express the absurdity, insensitivity, paradox, and cruelty of the modern world. Ordinary characters or…
(Encyclopedia) Boyesen, Hjalmar HjorthBoyesen, Hjalmar Hjorthhyälˈmär hyôrt boiˈĕsĕn [key], 1848–95, American writer, b. Norway, educated at the universities of Leipzig and Christiania (Ph.D., 1868…
(Encyclopedia) local government, political administration of the smallest subdivisions of a country's territory and population.
The British system of local government, which has been the model for…
(Encyclopedia) factory, place of production characterized by wage labor, the use of machinery, and the division of labor. The large-scale use of machinery differentiates factory production from…
