(Encyclopedia) chauvinismchauvinismshōˈvənĭzəm [key], word derived from the name of Nicolas Chauvin, a soldier of the First French Empire. Used first for a passionate admiration of Napoleon, it now…
(Encyclopedia) Grévy, JulesGrévy, Juleszhül grāvēˈ [key], 1807–91, French statesman, president of France (1879–87). As a republican deputy after the February Revolution (1848), he sought to eliminate…
(Encyclopedia) Pakenham, Sir Edward MichaelPakenham, Sir Edward Michaelpăkˈənəm [key], 1778–1815, British general. He entered the army in 1794 and served in the wars against Napoleon I, emperor of…
(Encyclopedia) Hofer, AndreasHofer, Andreasändrāˈäs hōˈfər [key], 1767–1810, Austrian patriot; son of a Tyrolean innkeeper. After its defeat by Napoleon I in 1805 Austria was forced to cede the Tyrol…
(Encyclopedia) Bosio, François Joseph, BaronBosio, François Joseph, BaronfräNswäˈ zhôzĕfˈ bärôNˈ bôsyōˈ [key], 1769–1845, French sculptor. He was employed by Napoleon I to make the bas-reliefs for…
(Encyclopedia) StendhalStendhalstăNdälˈ [key], pseud. of Marie Henri BeyleStendhalmärē äNrēˈ bĕl [key], 1783–1842, French writer, recognized as one of the great French novelists.
He grew up in…
(Encyclopedia) Pitt, William, 1759–1806, British statesman; 2d son of William Pitt, 1st earl of Chatham. Trained as a lawyer, he entered Parliament in 1781 and in 1782 at the age of 23 became…
(Encyclopedia) Ludwig, EmilLudwig, Emilāˈmēl [key]Ludwig, Emil l&oomacr;tˈvĭkh [key], 1881–1948, German biographer, originally named Emil Cohn. His vivid and dramatic (although sometimes…
(Encyclopedia) Milan Decree, issued Dec., 1807, by Napoleon I of France in an attempt to enforce the Continental System. Designed to strengthen the Berlin Decree, it authorized French warships and…
(Encyclopedia) TaurageTauragetourägāˈ [key], Ger. Tauroggen, town, W Lithuania, on the Yura River. Dating from the 13th cent., Taurage belonged to Prussia from 1691 to 1793, when it passed to Russia…
