(Encyclopedia) Saint Bernard, two Alpine passes, both used since antiquity. The Great Saint Bernard (alt. 8,110 ft/2,472 m), on the Italian-Swiss border, links Valais canton, Switzerland, with Valle…
(Encyclopedia) Barbé-Marbois, François, marquis deBarbé-Marbois, François, marquis defräNswäˈ märkēˈ də bärbāˈ-märbwäˈ [key], 1745–1837, French statesman. He held diplomatic posts in Europe and,…
(Encyclopedia) SedanSedansədäNˈ [key], town (1990 pop. 22,407), Ardennes dept., NE France, on the Meuse River. A noted textile center since the 16th cent., Sedan also has metal and brewing industries…
(Encyclopedia) Sloane, William Milligan, 1850–1926, American historian. After serving as secretary to George Bancroft and studying under Droysen in Germany, he was professor of history at Princeton (…
(Encyclopedia) Spontini, GaspareSpontini, Gasparegäsˈpärā spōntēˈnē [key], 1774–1851, Italian opera composer. Spontini studied music in Naples. He went to Paris in 1803, was soon backed by the…
(Encyclopedia) Naples, kingdom of, former state, occupying the Italian peninsula south of the former Papal States. It comprised roughly the present regions of Campania, Abruzzi, Molise, Basilicata,…
(Encyclopedia) SmolenskSmolensksmōlĕnskˈ, smô–, Rus. sməlyĕnskˈ [key], city (1989 pop. 341,000), capital of Smolensk region, W European Russia, a port on the Dnieper River. It is an important rail…
Georges Louis Leclerc, Comte De Buffon 1707–1788Georges Cuvier 1769–1832Alexandre Brongniart 1770–1847William Buckland 1784–1856Gideon Mantell 1790–1852Mary Anning 1799–1847Richard Owen 1804–…
Amazons, Vandals, Vikings—what do they have in common? Do you know they were all warriors? Add guerrillas, kamikazes, and conquistadors and you have quite a group. Who were they? When and where did…
