(Encyclopedia) chartreusechartreuseshärtr&oomacr;zˈ [key], liqueur made exclusively by Carthusians at their monastery, La Grande Chartreuse, France, until their expulsion in 1903. The French…
(Encyclopedia) Pierce, John, 1910–2002, American electrical engineer, b. Des Moines, Iowa, grad. California Institute of Technology (Ph.D. 1936). Pierce worked at the Bell Telephone Laboratories,…
(Encyclopedia) Prix de Rome, GrandPrix de Rome, GrandgräN prē də rôm [key], prize awarded annually by the French government, through competitive examination, to students of the fine arts. It entitles…
(Encyclopedia) Salon, annual exhibition of art works chosen by jury and presented by the French Academy since 1737; it was originally held in the Salon d'Apollon of the Louvre. By the mid-19th cent.…
(Encyclopedia) Vischer, Friedrich TheodorVischer, Friedrich Theodorfrēˈdrĭkh tāˈōdôr fĭshˈər [key], 1807–87, German aesthetic philosopher. He taught at Tübingen, and later at Zürich and Stuttgart.…
(Encyclopedia) Stamma, Philip or Philipp, c.1705–55, Syrian-born chess pioneer. He lived in France and Italy before settling in England c.1737. There he attained a reputation as a fine chess player,…
(Encyclopedia) Benoît de Sainte-More or Benoît de Sainte-MaureBenoît de Sainte-Maurebĕnwäˈ də săNt–môrˈ [key], 1154–73, French trouvère. He was the author of the Roman de Troie, a romance in 30,000…
(Encyclopedia) Lange, Friedrich AlbertLange, Friedrich Albertfrēˈdrĭkh älˈbĕrt längˈə [key], 1828–75, German neo-Kantian philosopher. He accepted the materialistic method of investigating phenomena…
(Encyclopedia) Laclos, Pierre Ambroise François Choderlos deLaclos, Pierre Ambroise François Choderlos depyĕr äNbrwäzˈ fräNswäˈ shôdĕrlōˈ də läklōˈ [key], 1741–1803, French novelist and general,…
(Encyclopedia) Moreau, GustaveMoreau, Gustavegüstävˈ môrōˈ [key], 1826–98, French painter. He was known for his pictures of the weird and mystical. The recipient of many honors, he refused to sell…
