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Catherine I

(Encyclopedia) Catherine I, 1683?–1727, czarina of Russia (1725–27). Of Livonian peasant origin, Martha Skavronskaya was a domestic when she was captured (1702) by Russian soldiers. As mistress of…

Women in Sports: Golf

Mary Queen of Scots was the first woman to play golf. It was during her reign that the famous golf course at St. Andrews was built, in 1552. Mary…

Menshikov, Aleksandr Danilovich, Prince

(Encyclopedia) Menshikov, Aleksandr Danilovich, PrinceMenshikov, Aleksandr Danilovich, Princeəlyĭksänˈdər dənyēˈləvĭch mĕnˈshĭkəf [key], 1672?–1729, Russian field marshal and statesman. Of lowly…

Jacobi, Friedrich Heinrich

(Encyclopedia) Jacobi, Friedrich Heinrich, 1743–1819, German philosopher. Although educated for commerce, he early gave up business and became in 1770 a member of the council for the duchies of Berg…

Gordon, Patrick

(Encyclopedia) Gordon, Patrick, 1635–99, Scottish soldier of fortune and Russian general, b. Scotland. After serving alternately on both sides in the war between Sweden and Poland (1655–60), he…

Notable Filmmakers and Directors

Notable Filmmakers and Directors Spike Lee See also Actors African-American Actors Asian American Film & Television Personalities Hispanic-American Film, Television, and Theater…

Apraksin, Feodor Matveyevich

(Encyclopedia) Apraksin, Feodor MatveyevichApraksin, Feodor Matveyevichfyôˈdər mətvyāˈəvĭch əpräkˈsyĭn [key], 1671–1728, Russian admiral. He helped Peter I (Peter the Great) create the Russian navy…

Henry II, Spanish king of Castile and León

(Encyclopedia) Henry II or Henry of TrastámaraHenry IItrăstəmărˈə [key], 1333?–1379, Spanish king of Castile and León (1369–79), illegitimate son of Alfonso XI. After taking part in several…

Sophia Alekseyevna

(Encyclopedia) Sophia AlekseyevnaSophia Alekseyevnasôˈfyə əlyĭksyāˈyəvnə [key], 1657–1704, regent of Russia (1682–89); daughter of Czar Alexis by his first wife and sister of Czar Feodor III.…

Scientists: Life Sciences

Biologists, botanists, geneticists, medical scientists, microbiologists, psychiatrists, psychologists, and zoologists Related Links Cloning: Facts and Fallacies Life…