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Marseillaise

(Encyclopedia)Marseillaise märˌsəlāzˈ [key] [Fr.,=of Marseille], the French national anthem, written and composed in 1792 for the army of the Rhine by Claude Joseph Rouget de Lisle, a French officer in garriso...

La Hire, Laurent de

(Encyclopedia)La Hire or La Hyre, Laurent de lä ēr [key], 1606–56, French painter. He produced many portraits and historical paintings, a few romantic landscapes, important decorative works for Richelieu, Pier...

Brown-Séquard, Charles Édouard

(Encyclopedia)Brown-Séquard, Charles Édouard broun-sākärˈ, –sākwärˈ [key], 1817–94, physiologist, b. Mauritius, of French and American parents. He taught at Harvard (1864–68), practiced medicine in Ne...

Bazard, Saint-Amand

(Encyclopedia)Bazard, Saint-Amand săNtämäNˈ bäzärˈ [key], 1791–1832, French socialist. He founded (1818) a republican society, Les Amis de la vérité [Friends of Truth], and was a member of the Carbonari....

Le Vau, Louis

(Encyclopedia)Le Vau, Louis lwē lə vō [key], 1612–70, French architect, involved in most of the important building projects for Louis XIV. He settled on the Île Saint-Louis, where he built his own house and t...

Gravier, Jacques

(Encyclopedia)Gravier, Jacques zhäk grävyāˈ [key], 1651–1708, French Jesuit missionary to the tribes of the Illinois region. He went to Canada in 1685. He was sent west to the St. Ignace mission at Mackinac i...

Friedlaender, Walter

(Encyclopedia)Friedlaender, Walter frēdˈlĕndər [key], 1873–1966, American art historian, b. Germany. Friedlaender pursued a distinguished academic career in Germany until 1934 and afterward taught at New York...

Satie, Erik

(Encyclopedia)Satie, Erik ārēkˈ sätēˈ [key], 1866–1925, French composer, studied at the Paris Conservatory; pupil of Vincent D'Indy and Albert Roussel at the Schola Cantorum. He early realized that the roma...

Tonton Macoutes

(Encyclopedia)Tonton Macoutes tŏntŏnˈ mäko͞otˈ [key] [Haitian Creole,=bogeymen], personal police force of dictator Francois Duvalier (Papa Doc) of Haiti. Unpaid volunteers who were directly responsible only t...

Niépce, Joseph Nicéphore

(Encyclopedia)Niépce, Joseph Nicéphore zhôzĕfˈ nēsāfôrˈ nyĕps [key], 1765–1833, French chemist who originated a process of photography (see photography, still). In 1826 he produced the first known photo...