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Luxemburg, Rosa

(Encyclopedia)Luxemburg, Rosa rōˈzä lo͝okˈsəmbo͝ork [key], 1871–1919, German revolutionary, b. Russian Poland. Her revolutionary activities forced her to flee to Switzerland in 1889, where she became a Mar...

Kérékou, Mathieu

(Encyclopedia)Kérékou, Mathieu mätyöˈ kāˈkāko͞o [key], 1933–2015, Beninois military and political leader, b. French Dahomey (now Benin). Serving in the military, he participated the 1967 coup and became ...

Kerensky, Aleksandr Feodorovich

(Encyclopedia)Kerensky, Aleksandr Feodorovich kərĕnˈskē, Rus. əlyĭksänˈdər fyôˈdərəvĭch kâˈrĭnskē [key], 1881–1970, Russian revolutionary. A lawyer, he was elected to the fourth duma in 1912 as ...

North, Douglass Cecil

(Encyclopedia)North, Douglass Cecil, 1920–2015, American economic historian, b. Cambridge, Mass., Ph.D. Univ. of California, Berkeley, 1952. North was on the faculty at the Univ. of Washington, Seattle (1950–83...

Hicks, Granville

(Encyclopedia)Hicks, Granville, 1901–82, American writer, b. Exeter, N.H. A member of the Communist party, he edited The New Masses and wrote a pioneering Marxist interpretation of American literature, The Great ...

Cortizo Cohen, Laurentino

(Encyclopedia)Cortizo Cohen, Laurentino, 1953–, Panamanian rancher and political leader. A member of the Democratic Revolutionary party, he studied business administration in the United States and served in the n...

Blanqui, Louis Auguste

(Encyclopedia)Blanqui, Louis Auguste lwē ôgüstˈ [key], 1805–81, French revolutionary and radical thinker. While a student in Paris, he joined (1824) a branch of the Carbonari, a revolutionary secret society; ...

Bo Xilai

(Encyclopedia)Bo Xilai, 1949–, Chinese political leader. The son of Bo Yibo, a Communist revolutionary leader, he joined the Communist party in 1980. Bo studied history at Peking Univ. and earned (1982) a master'...

Gruevski, Nikola

(Encyclopedia)Gruevski, Nikola, 1970–, Macedonian political leader. An economist, he worked for the Balkan Bank (1995–98), then served as trade minister (1999) and finance minister (1999–2002) under Prime Min...

Chernov, Viktor

(Encyclopedia)Chernov, Viktor vēkˈtər chĭrnôfˈ [key], 1876–1952, Russian revolutionary. One of the founders of the Socialist Revolutionary party, he served as minister of agriculture under Kerensky in the p...