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Alfonso VIII, Spanish king of Castile

(Encyclopedia)Alfonso VIII (Alfonso the Noble), 1155–1214, Spanish king of Castile (1158–1214), son and successor of Sancho III. Chaos prevailed during his minority, but he quickly restored order after assuming...

Ferdinand VI, king of Spain

(Encyclopedia)Ferdinand VI, b. 1712 or 1713, d. 1759, king of Spain (1746–59), son of Philip V by his first queen, Marie Louise of Savoy. When Ferdinand succeeded his father, his stepmother, Elizabeth Farnese, lo...

Jülich, town, Germany

(Encyclopedia)Jülich, town (1994 pop. 31,780), North Rhine–Westphalia, W Germany. It has some light industry and is the seat of a nuclear research center. Originally a Roman settlement known as Juliacum, Jülich...

North Brabant

(Encyclopedia)North Brabant brəbăntˈ [key], Du. Noordbrabant, province (1994 pop. 2,259,800), c.1,920 sq mi (4,970 sq km), S Netherlands, bordering on Belgium in the south and on Germany in the east. The capital...

Limburg, province, Netherlands

(Encyclopedia)Limburg lĭmˈbûrg, Dutch lĭmˈbûrkh [key], province (1994 pop. 1,125,200), c.850 sq mi (2,200 sq km), SE Netherlands, bordering on Belgium in the west and south and Germany in the east. Maastricht...

Frederick II, king of Sicily

(Encyclopedia)Frederick II, 1272–1337, king of Sicily (1296–1337), 3d son of Peter III of Aragón. When his brother, who was king of Sicily, became (1291) king of Aragón as James II, Frederick was his regent i...

James III, king of Scotland

(Encyclopedia)James III, 1452–88, king of Scotland (1460–88), son and successor of James II. During his minority he was under the care of his mother, Mary of Guelders, and her adviser, James Kennedy, bishop of ...

Stolberg

(Encyclopedia)Stolberg shtôlˈbĕrkhˌ [key], city (1994 pop. 58,028), North Rhine–Westphalia, W Germany; chartered 1856. It is a center of the German brass industry, which was started (c.1600) there by Protesta...

Wattenscheid

(Encyclopedia)Wattenscheid vätˈənshītˌ [key], city, North Rhine–Westphalia, W Germany, an industrial center of the Ruhr district. Its manufactures include metal goods, electrical equipment, and textiles. ...

Raymond VII, count of Toulouse

(Encyclopedia)Raymond VII, 1197–1249, count of Toulouse; son of Count Raymond VI. He fought with his father in the Albigensian Crusade (see under Albigenses), assisting Raymond VI in his attempt to regain Toulous...