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Lünen

(Encyclopedia)Lünen lüˈnən [key], city (1994 pop. 89,740), North Rhine–Westphalia, N central Germany, on the Lippe River. Its manufactures include iron, copper, metal fittings, textiles, and aluminum. Motor v...

Remscheid

(Encyclopedia)Remscheid rĕmˈshīt [key], city (1994 pop. 123,610), North Rhine–Westphalia, W Germany, on the Wupper River. It is a leading center of the German tool and hardware industry; it has manufactures in...

Northumberland, Algernon Percy, 10th earl of

(Encyclopedia)Northumberland, Algernon Percy, 10th earl of nôrthŭmˈbərlənd [key], 1602–68, English nobleman. He was created Baron Percy in 1626 and succeeded his father as earl in 1632. Charles I in 1638 mad...

Peter I, duke or count of Brittany

(Encyclopedia)Peter I (Pierre Mauclerc), d. 1250, duke or count of Brittany (1213–37). The son of Robert II, count of Dreux, he married Alix, half-sister and heiress of Arthur I duke of Brittany. His surname, mea...

Richelieu, Armand Jean du Plessis, duc de

(Encyclopedia)Richelieu, Armand Jean du Plessis, duc de (Cardinal Richelieu) plĕsēˈ dük də rēshəlyöˈ [key], 1585–1642, French prelate and statesman, chief minister of King Louis XIII, cardinal of the Ro...

Klenze, Leo von

(Encyclopedia)Klenze, Leo von lāˈō fən klĕnˈtsə [key], 1784–1864, German architect and landscape and portrait painter. He was court architect to Jérôme Bonaparte of Westphalia and to Louis I of Bavaria, ...

Scharoun, Hans

(Encyclopedia)Scharoun, Hans häns shärˈoun [key], 1893–1972, German architect. A member of the expressionist circle, Scharoun used a dynamic, sculptural approach to design throughout his long career. He concei...

Fronde

(Encyclopedia)Fronde frôNd [key], 1648–53, series of outbreaks during the minority of King Louis XIV, caused by the efforts of the Parlement of Paris (the chief judiciary body) to limit the growing authority of ...

Leverkusen

(Encyclopedia)Leverkusen lāˌfərko͞oˈzən [key], city (1994 pop. 161,760), North Rhine–Westphalia, W Germany, on the Rhine River. It is an industrial center and a road and rail junction. Manufactures include ...

Witten

(Encyclopedia)Witten vĭtˈən [key], city (1994 pop. 105,807), North Rhine–Westphalia, W Germany, on the Ruhr River. It is an industrial city whose manufactures include chemicals, iron and steel, glass, and mach...