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Moscow, grand duchy of

(Encyclopedia)Moscow or Muscovy, grand duchy of, state existing in W central Russia from the late 14th to mid-16th cent., with the city of Moscow as its nucleus. Its formation and eventual ascendancy over other Rus...

Sigismund III

(Encyclopedia)Sigismund III, 1566–1632, king of Poland (1587–1632) and Sweden (1592–99). The son of John III of Sweden and Catherine, sister of Sigismund II of Poland, he united the Vasa and Jagiello dynastie...

Vienna, Congress of

(Encyclopedia)Vienna, Congress of, Sept., 1814–June, 1815, one of the most important international conferences in European history, called to remake Europe after the downfall of Napoleon I. Although the territo...

Kaluga

(Encyclopedia)Kaluga kəlo͞oˈgə [key], city (1989 pop. 311,000), capital of Kaluga region, central European Russia, on the Oka River. It is a river port, railway junction, and an industrial center producing rail...

Kamensk-Shakhtinski

(Encyclopedia)Kamensk-Shakhtinski käˈmyĭnsk-shäkhˈtyĭnskē [key], city (1989 pop. 72,000), SE European Russia, on the Donets River. A mining center of the Donets coal basin, the city is also an important prod...

Angarsk

(Encyclopedia)Angarsk əngərskˈ [key], city (1989 pop. 266,000), S Siberian Russia, on the Angara river and the Trans-Siberian RR. A major petrochemical center, its manufactures include fertilizers, synthetic fib...

Imandra

(Encyclopedia)Imandra ēˈməndrə [key], lake, 340 sq mi (881 sq km), NW European Russia, on the Kola Peninsula S of Murmansk. Deeply indented, it contains some 140 islands and receives about 20 large rivers. It e...

Indigirka

(Encyclopedia)Indigirka ēndyĭgērˈkə [key], river, NE Siberian Russia, in the Sakha Republic. It rises in the Oymyakon plateau and flows c.1,100 mi (1,770 km) N into the Arctic Ocean. It is navigable (June–Se...

Akademgorodok

(Encyclopedia)Akademgorodok äkädāmgôˈrôdôk [key], city, W central Siberian Russia, near Novosibirsk. A scientific center begun in 1959, it is the site of 20 institutes of the Russian Academy of Sciences. ...

Olenek

(Encyclopedia)Olenek əlyĭnyôkˈ [key], river, c.1,350 mi (2,200 km) long, rising in the central Siberian plateau, Krasnoyarsk Territory, E Siberian Russia. It winds E then N through NW Sakha Republic to the Lapt...