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Łódź

(Encyclopedia)Łódź lo͞oj [key], city (1993 est. pop. 842,300), capital of Łódzkie prov., central Poland. The second largest city of Poland and an important industrial center, Łódź was long the center of th...

Kollwitz, Käthe Schmidt

(Encyclopedia)Kollwitz, Käthe Schmidt kāˈtə shmĭt kôlˈvĭts [key], 1867–1945, German graphic artist and sculptor. She first gained a reputation with her illustrations for Hauptmann's Weavers and Zola's Ger...

Calvo Sotelo, Leopoldo

(Encyclopedia)Calvo Sotelo, Leopoldo lāˌəpōlˈdō kälˈvō sōtĕlˈō [key], 1926–2008, Spanish engineer and political leader. A conservative, he held (1975–77) ministerial posts before becoming (1980) de...

Becher, Johannes Robert

(Encyclopedia)Becher, Johannes Robert yōhänˈəs rōˈbĕrt bĕkhˈər [key], 1891–1958, German poet and essayist. After an early association with the Expressionist movement, Becher turned to Communism. His ant...

Bonnet, Georges

(Encyclopedia)Bonnet, Georges bônāˈ [key], 1889–1973, French politician. He entered politics as a Radical Socialist. A financial expert, he was prominent at international conferences on reparations and other ...

Black Shirts

(Encyclopedia)Black Shirts, colloquial term originally used to refer to the members of the Fasci di combattimento, units of the Fascist organization founded in Italy in Mar., 1919, by Benito Mussolini. A black shir...

Zetkin, Klara

(Encyclopedia)Zetkin, Klara kläˈrä tsĕtˈkĭn [key], 1857–1933, German Communist leader and feminist. A teacher, she early joined the Social Democratic party and together with Rosa Luxemburg, became prominent...

Seyss-Inquart, Arthur

(Encyclopedia)Seyss-Inquart, Arthur ärˈto͝or zīsˈ-ĭngˈkvärt [key], 1892–1946, Austrian National Socialist leader. In Feb., 1938, Chancellor Schuschnigg of Austria was forced by German pressure to appoint ...

Sarraut, Albert Pierre

(Encyclopedia)Sarraut, Albert Pierre älbĕrˈ pyĕr särōˈ [key], 1872–1962, French leader, a Radical Socialist. A member of the chamber of deputies from 1902, he was governor-general (1911–14, 1916–19) of...

Renner, Karl

(Encyclopedia)Renner, Karl kärl rĕnˈər [key], 1870–1950, Austrian socialist politician. A deputy after 1907, Renner became, following the abdication (Nov., 1918) of Emperor Charles I, the head of the provisio...