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Parvanov, Georgi Sedefchov

(Encyclopedia)Parvanov, Georgi Sedefchov, 1957–, Bulgarian political leader, president of Bulgaria (2002–12), b. Sirishnik. A historian by profession, he joined the Bulgarian Communist party (BCP) in 1981 and w...

Horkheimer, Max

(Encyclopedia)Horkheimer, Max hôrkˈhīˌmər, hôrˈkīˌ– [key], 1895–1973, German philosopher and sociologist. As director (1930–58) of the Institute for Social Research in Frankfurt, he played an importa...

Hoyte, Desmond

(Encyclopedia)Hoyte, Desmond (Hugh Desmond Hoyte), 1929–2002, Guyanese political leader. A member of the People's National Congress, Hoyte was first elected to the National Assembly in 1968 and held several minis...

Hardie, James Keir

(Encyclopedia)Hardie, James Keir kērˈ härˈdē [key], 1856–1915, British labor leader and socialist, b. Scotland. A coal miner, he became a union organizer and in 1888 founded the Scottish Labour party. In 189...

Bazard, Saint-Amand

(Encyclopedia)Bazard, Saint-Amand săNtämäNˈ bäzärˈ [key], 1791–1832, French socialist. He founded (1818) a republican society, Les Amis de la vérité [Friends of Truth], and was a member of the Carbonari....

Peretz, Isaac Loeb

(Encyclopedia)Peretz or Perez, Isaac Loeb both: pĕrˈĕts; lōbˈ [key], 1852–1915, Jewish poet, novelist, playwright, and lawyer, b. Zamosc, Poland. A voice of the Haskalah, or Jewish Enlightenment, Peretz was ...

Pinski, David

(Encyclopedia)Pinski, David pĭnˈskē [key], 1872–1959, Yiddish dramatist and novelist, b. Russia. He wrote stories and plays in Yiddish about the ghetto and assisted in editing a Yiddish periodical in Moscow. A...

Bérégovoy, Pierre

(Encyclopedia)Bérégovoy, Pierre pēĕrˌ bārāgōvoiˈ [key], 1925–93, French politician. A leader of the Socialist party after 1969, he was an adviser (1981–82) to François Mitterrand, under whose governme...

Cazeneuve, Bernard

(Encyclopedia)Cazeneuve, Bernard, 1963–, French politician, b. Senlis. A lawyer and member of the Socialist party, he served in the National Assembly (1997–2002, 2007–2012) and was mayor of Cherbourg-Octevill...

Central Asian Republics

(Encyclopedia)Central Asian Republics, the countries of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan. Constituent republics of the former Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, they all achieved i...