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Newton, John

(Encyclopedia) Newton, John, 1725–1807, English clergyman and hymn writer, b. London. Until 1755, his life was spent chiefly at sea, where he eventually became the captain of a slave ship plying the…

Bristol, city, England

(Encyclopedia) Bristol, city and unitary authority (2021 est. pop. 694,000), SW England, at the confluence of the Avon and Frome rivers. Bristol, a…

Pierre Toussaint

philanthropist Born: 1766Birthplace: Santo Domingo He was originally a slave brought to New York City in 1787. Upon his owner's death and the subsequent impoverishment of the widow, he worked as a…

Peter Williams, Sr.

religious leaderBorn: 1749Birthplace: New York, New York Although he was a slave, Williams became a sexton in the Methodist Church in 1778. When his owner returned to England in 1783, the church…

National Labor Relations Board

(Encyclopedia) National Labor Relations Board (NLRB), independent agency of the U.S. government created under the National Labor Relations Act of 1935 (Wagner Act), and amended by the acts of 1947 (…

Securities and Exchange Commission

(Encyclopedia) Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), agency of the U.S. government created by the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and charged with protecting the interests of the public and…

land-grant colleges and universities

(Encyclopedia) land-grant colleges and universities, U.S. institutions benefiting from the provisions of the Morrill Act (1862), which gave to the states federal lands for the establishment of…

Allen, Richard

(Encyclopedia) Allen, Richard, 1760–1831, American clergyman, founder of the African Methodist Episcopal Church. He was born a slave in Philadelphia and purchased his freedom. He became pastor of a…

Alves, Antônio de Castro

(Encyclopedia) Alves, Antônio de CastroAlves, Antônio de Castroəntôˈny&oobreve; dĭ käsˈtr&oobreve; älˈvəs [key], 1847–71, Brazilian poet. A disciple of Victor Hugo, he came to fame with…