(Encyclopedia) Ems dispatch, 1870, communication between King William of Prussia (later German Emperor William I) and his premier, Otto von Bismarck. In June, 1870, the throne of Spain was offered to…
(Encyclopedia) Serna, José de laSerna, José de lahōsāˈ ᵺā lä sārˈnä [key], 1770–1832, Spanish general, viceroy of Peru (1821–24). In 1821 the military leaders, dissatisfied with Viceroy Pezuela and…
Name at birth: Juan Carlos Alfonso Victor María de Borbón y BorbónA member of a royal line that stretches back to Louis XIV of France, Juan Carlos I was king of Spain from 1975 until 2014, when he…
poetDied: January 12, 2008 (Madrid, Spain) Best Known as: Spanish poet opposed to Franco dictatorship Spanish poet who wrote about issues of freedom and…
Ferdinand of Aragon and his wife, Isabella of Castille, underwrote the voyages of Christopher Columbus and so established Spain as a powerful force in the New World. The marriage of Ferdinand and…
American commanderDied: January 14, 2008 (Berkeley, California) Best Known as: last commander of the American volunteers who fought against Franco in the Spanish Civil War…
Part of Robert Jenkins is the eponym of the War of Jenkins's Ear, an 18th century episode in the war between Britain and Spain. On 19 October 1739 Britain declared war on Spain, their trade rivals…
Amerigo Vespucci was a Florentine merchant and navigator who made at least two transatlantic trips to the New World, voyages that inspired cartographer Martin Wardseemüller to label the new continent…
(Encyclopedia) European Monetary System, arrangement by which most nations of the European Union (EU) linked their currencies to prevent large fluctuations relative to one another. It was organized…
