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Manley, Michael Norman

(Encyclopedia)Manley, Michael Norman, 1924–97, prime minister of Jamaica (1972–80, 1989–92); son of Norman Manley. A leader of the socialist People's National party, he was first elected to parliament in 1967...

Franco, Itamar Augusto

(Encyclopedia)Franco, Itamar Augusto, 1930–2011, Brazilian political leader. He began his political career as mayor (1966–74) of his hometown, Juiz de Fora, and was subsequently (1974, 1982) elected to the Braz...

Manley, Norman Washington

(Encyclopedia)Manley, Norman Washington, 1893–1969, prime minister of Jamaica (1959–62); father of Michael Manley. Of Irish and African descent, he was educated at Oxford and became an internationally known law...

Rama, Edi

(Encyclopedia)Rama, Edi 1964–, Albanian political leader and artist, prime minister of Albania (2013–). He studied and taught art in Tirana, then moved to France (1994) and embarked on a career as a painter. Re...

Paul-Boncour, Joseph

(Encyclopedia)Paul-Boncour, Joseph zhôzĕfˈ pōl-bôNko͞orˈ [key], 1873–1972, French statesman. Although a Socialist, he remained independent of party ties from 1931 to 1945. He was permanent French delegate ...

Hoyte, Desmond

(Encyclopedia)Hoyte, Desmond (Hugh Desmond Hoyte), 1929–2002, Guyanese political leader. A member of the People's National Congress, Hoyte was first elected to the National Assembly in 1968 and held several minis...

Bérégovoy, Pierre

(Encyclopedia)Bérégovoy, Pierre pēĕrˌ bārāgōvoiˈ [key], 1925–93, French politician. A leader of the Socialist party after 1969, he was an adviser (1981–82) to François Mitterrand, under whose governme...

Cazeneuve, Bernard

(Encyclopedia)Cazeneuve, Bernard, 1963–, French politician, b. Senlis. A lawyer and member of the Socialist party, he served in the National Assembly (1997–2002, 2007–2012) and was mayor of Cherbourg-Octevill...

soviet

(Encyclopedia)soviet, primary unit in the political organization of the former USSR. The term is the Russian word for council. The first soviets were revolutionary committees organized by Russian socialists in the ...

Rajoy Brey, Mariano

(Encyclopedia)Rajoy Brey, Mariano märēäˈnō rähoiˈ brā [key], 1955–, Spanish political leader, b. Santiago de Compostela. The son of a prominent Galician lawyer, he received (1978) a law degree from the Un...